Evaluation procedures for component performance and input data for models. Processes are needed for technology-neutral objective evaluation of proof-of-concept prototype components, systems and vehicles that are based on competing technologies.

Powertrain system control strategies and implementation.

Internal combustion engines and fuels designed for use in hybrid vehicles, recognising their load cycles.

Components for electric powertrains, particularly high efficiency, low weight and low cost electric motors, managing the heat problem as well as direct benefits.

Electric energy storage, recognising load cycles.

Hydrogen storage on board.

Fuel cell ancillary systems.

Vehicle/infrastructure systems for efficient and low emission vehicle missions and urban operation.

Environment
The UK is committed to international protocols targeting significant reduction in the emission of greenhouse gasses such as CO2 to combat the perceived threat of global warming and its consequences. The pathways to the future have been well researched and documented. However, the technologies that are available today and which have the potential to significantly reduce or eliminate CO2 emissions still have to come to maturity. Research and development work is needed on a broad front so that decisions can be made on the selection of the most appropriate route to a future low carbon economy. As well as advances in internal combustion engine emission characteristics, electrical machinery development plays a major part, with advances needed in efficiency of motors and charge and other energy storage devices.

Health
The combustion of oil based fuels in internal combustion engines produces noxious substances and particulates which are injurious to health. Although advances have been made in engine designs which have significantly reduced these, there are still opportunities to reduce these further both by advances in internal combustion engine technology, and the use of different propulsion systems such as hybrids or fuel cells. European Directives (Euro 5 and Euro 6) are expected in the 2010 to 2012 time frame which will set targets for pollutant reduction, both for light and heavy vehicles.

Economy
With oil price rises likely as demand increases and reserves become insecure and slowly decline, work is needed to both to improve engine efficiencies and to use alternative, non-oil derived fuels. This will include bio- and natural gas derived fuels as well as hydrogen, eventually from renewable sources.